Travel health
Europe is the easiest region for travel vaccines: nothing is checked at the border and there's no malaria. What matters is your measles protection, and tick-borne encephalitis if you'll spend time in forests. Here's what each of the 45 countries calls for.
General guidance, not medical advice. Entry rules change and depend on your route, health and nationality. Check the destination's embassy and see a travel health clinic 6 to 8 weeks before you go. Last checked September 2026.
The quick answer
No. No European country requires vaccines from tourists, and there's no malaria anywhere on the continent. Two things are still worth sorting before you go.
No European country requires vaccines from tourists. The only exception is a yellow fever certificate in Malta and Albania if you arrive from a country with yellow fever risk. France's overseas territories are different: French Guiana requires yellow fever vaccination from everyone.
Make sure you've had two doses of MMR: Europe had its worst measles year in decades in 2024. If you'll hike, camp or cycle in forests from spring to autumn, the tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is recommended in these countries:
What to get
Most European trips need nothing beyond routine vaccines. These four come up most. See the vaccine field guide for doses and timing.
Spread by tick bites in forests and meadows, roughly April to November, especially in the Baltic states, Czechia, Austria, Slovenia, Switzerland, southern Germany and Sweden. Three doses give full protection, but two before you go already cover the season. Not needed for city breaks.
Europe recorded its highest measles numbers in decades in 2024, with Romania hit hardest, and outbreaks continued in 2025. Adults should have had two doses of MMR. Babies travelling to outbreak areas can often get an early dose; ask your doctor.
Land animals in western Europe are rabies-free, but bats can carry it everywhere, so never handle them. Dogs and wildlife carry rabies in Turkey, Ukraine, Russia, Belarus and parts of eastern Europe, where the vaccine is worth it for long stays or rural travel.
Southern Europe has had local outbreaks of West Nile virus, dengue and chikungunya in recent summers, including in Italy, France, Greece and Spain. There are no routine travel vaccines for them, so use repellent in the evenings.
All 45 countries
Open a country for its entry rules, recommended vaccines and malaria risk. Use the filters to narrow the list.
Showing 45 of 45
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Tick-borne encephalitis occurs across most of Austria, including the lakes and Alpine valleys. Vienna's city centre is very low risk.
Malaria: No malaria.
Many governments advise against all travel to Belarus because of its role in the war in Ukraine.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Dubrovnik, Split, Hvar and the rest of the Dalmatian coast have no notable health risks beyond routine vaccines.
Malaria: No malaria.
Czechia has one of Europe's highest tick-borne encephalitis rates, especially in South Bohemia. Prague itself is very low risk.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Estonia has one of the highest tick-borne encephalitis rates in Europe. Tallinn's old town is very low risk.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
French overseas territories have different rules: French Guiana requires a yellow fever certificate from every traveller, and Mayotte and Réunion have their own health advice.
Malaria: No malaria.
Berlin, Hamburg and most of northern Germany are very low risk for tick-borne encephalitis.
Malaria: No regular malaria; rare local cases have occurred in rural areas in summer.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
No malaria, no rabies and no tick-borne encephalitis. Routine vaccines are all you need.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Latvia has some of the highest tick-borne encephalitis rates in Europe, in forests across the country.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Lithuania has one of Europe's highest tick-borne encephalitis rates, in forests across the country.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Check your government's travel advice, especially for the breakaway region of Transnistria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Northern Norway, including Lofoten and Tromsø, has no tick-borne encephalitis risk.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Madeira occasionally has dengue outbreaks; use repellent there in summer and autumn.
Malaria: No malaria.
Romania had Europe's largest measles outbreak in 2024. Make sure you've had two doses of MMR.
Malaria: No malaria.
Most governments advise against all travel to Russia because of the war in Ukraine and the risk of arbitrary detention.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Tick-borne encephalitis can also spread through unpasteurised milk and cheese from goats and sheep, so avoid raw dairy in rural areas.
Malaria: No malaria.
Slovenia has a high tick-borne encephalitis rate, including around Lake Bled and near Ljubljana.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
Malaria: No malaria.
The Swiss health office counts the whole country as a tick-borne encephalitis risk area, except the cantons of Geneva and Ticino.
Malaria: No local malaria transmission in recent years.
Turkey has rabies in dogs and other animals. Any bite or scratch needs urgent treatment.
Malaria: No malaria.
Ukraine is at war following Russia's full-scale invasion in 2022. Most governments advise against all travel.
Malaria: No malaria.
Tick-borne encephalitis has been found in a few areas of England, but the risk to visitors is very low.
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Common questions
No European country requires vaccines from tourists. Make sure your routine vaccines are up to date, especially measles (MMR). Malta and Albania may ask for a yellow fever certificate if you arrive from a country with yellow fever risk, and France's overseas territory French Guiana requires yellow fever vaccination from everyone.
Only if you'll spend time outdoors in forests and meadows in a risk area, roughly from April to November. Risk is highest in the Baltic states, Czechia, Austria, Slovenia, Switzerland, southern Germany and Sweden. City breaks don't need it. The full course is three doses, but two doses before you travel protect you for the season.
No. There's no regular malaria transmission anywhere in Europe, including Turkey. Greece has had rare local cases in rural areas in summer, but malaria tablets are never needed for European travel.
It's worth considering for long stays, rural travel, cycling or work with animals. Turkey, Ukraine, Russia, Belarus and parts of eastern Europe have rabies in dogs or wildlife. Western Europe is free of rabies in land animals, but bats can carry it everywhere, so never handle bats.
Yes. Europe had its highest measles numbers in decades in 2024, led by Romania, and outbreaks continued into 2025. Make sure you've had two doses of the MMR vaccine before you travel. Babies under 12 months travelling to outbreak areas can often get an early dose, so ask your doctor.
Check the official word
Yellow fever entry rules follow the CDC Yellow Book's country list, alongside WHO and UK guidance. Use these to double-check anything important for your trip.
Last checked: September 2026.
Every region page uses the same labels, so you can compare rules at a glance. Then read the full country guide for safety, visas, money and local tips.